Understanding the Zettelkasten Method

Hank Grefenstette, Brandon Ladakos

December 1, 2025

What is the Zettelkasten Method?

The Zettelkasten Method is a system of linked notes that form a growing network of ideas. Each note captures one concept and connects to others, creating a personal knowledge graph rather than a linear notebook.

How it works

  • It’s hypertextual
    • Each note links and refers to related ideas
  • Adheres to principles of atomicity
    • The idea that each note connected not builds off the last
  • Content is stored as a reusable block
    • Each note is assigned a unique id that can be refered to

What is a Zettel

  • Represents a single idea stored in an independent note
  • Its unique identifier allows it to connect to related notes through links and references
  • This moduluar structure supports reusabilty and scaleabilty making ideal for creating larger ideas from smaller components

Linking & Structure

  • Notes connect through intentional links and references
  • The result is a non-linear network of ideas and notes
  • Over time clusters of related notes can form new ideas and topics.

Challenges and Critiques

  • Time-intensive While notes can reference each other, each individual note must be manually written, which can be somewhat ineffective when dealing with larger projects.
  • Lack of readability for other users Because of its non-linearity and being structured by connections between notes, it can be challenging for other users to navigate your notes if they are reviewing or studying them.

Takeaways

  • While time-consuming, its structure allows for the user to take on larger and more complex projects if they desire
  • Ability to reuse content through reusable notes/blocks improves convenience for authors and helps make up for repetition in other areas
  • Designed for productivity by self-establishing guidelines Notes that are missing are easier to notice to the writer